FISA:

FISA RULE BOOK ADAPTIVE ROWING RULE BOOK
  • 2011 FISA Rule Book (Digital)
  • 2011 FISA Rule Book (PDF)
  • 2011 Bye-Laws Changes
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  • 2011 FISA Adaptive Classification Guidelines - Marked Up
  • 2011 FISA Adaptive Classification Guidelines - Clean
  • 2011 FISA Adaptive Rowing Regulations - Marked Up
  • 2011 FISA Adaptive Rowing regulations - Clean
  • FISA Classifiers Manual
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    Rowing Biomechanics: Dr. Valery Kleshnev  

    2013/01 Rigging: Gate Height
    2012/12 Stability and variability of rower’s motions
    2012/11 Analysis of the boat acceleration
    2012/10 Rotational motions of the oar
    2012/09 Dynamic analysis in horizontal plane. Part II
    2012/08 Dynamic analysis in transverse (horizontal) plane
    2012/07 Race analysis after Olympics-2012
    2012/06 What blade efficiency means and how it can be evaluated and improved
    2012/05 Rowing rhythm, stroke length and effectiveness
    2012/04 Power transfer between rowers through the boat
    2012/03 Rotational motions of the boat
    2012/02 Results of testing of a new instrumented gate revealed a surprising unknown phenomena
    2012/01 How the speed/rate ratio depends on the duration of the exercise?
    2011/12 The latest Newsletter: How to set up the stretcher properly in sculling?
    2011/12 Centre of rotation at the gate and DF on dynamic erg.
    2011/11 Road Map on Rowing Biomechanics
    2011/10 Rowing Speed and Rig Chart
    2011/10 Changing oar length a few cm does not dramatically affects rowing biomechanics
    2011/09 Analysis of 2011 World Rowing Championships in Bled, Slovenia
    2011/08 Asymmetry in sculling
    2011/07 How various variables affect rower's feelings of "heaviness" or "lightness" during rowing on erg and on the water
    2011/05 GPS boat speed and stroke rate
    2011/04 Can shorter rowers really benefit from using shorter oars? 
    2011/03 10th Birthday of the Newsletter; Lift force at the seat: does it really lift the whole rower-boat system and decreases water displacement?
    2011/02 Synchronisation of rowers' movements in a crew
    2011/01 Setting Drag Factor on various ergs types to match on-water rowing in various boat types
    2010/12 Using Concept2 Skierg for cross training in rowing.
    2010/11 Results of the Worlds championship 2010 in Karapiro, New Zealand. Using EMG for analysis of rowing technique.
    2010/10 Biomechanical features of Concept2 Dynamic Indoor Rower
    2010/09 Relationships between the pitch, gate height and arms "grubbing".
    2010/08 Why are sculling boats faster than rowing boats.
    2010/07 Reference frame and inertial losses in rowing on water; Variation if the boat speed at two different rowing styles.
    2010/06 Inertial losses in rowing on water
    2010/05 Inertial losses in rowing on ergo
    2010/04 Margins of boat speed in finals A, B, C, D of World regattas
    2010/03 Comparison of measurements of the force at the oar handle and at the gate or pin
    2010/02 Lumbar and thoracic curvatures in top World scullers
    2010/01 Rigging Chart: questions and answers, description of the algorithm
    2009/12 Weather and boat speed
    2009/11 Positioning of rowers in Fours and Eights
    2009/10 Vertical oar angles
    2009/09 Performance of countries over the years in adult and juniors categories.
    2009/08 Results of the World Championship-2009 in Poznan; What is the best time to use Biomechanics?.
    2009/07 Mechanics of the trunk during rowing in the boat and on ergo.
    2009/06 Differences in mechanics between on-water and on-ergo rowing and its practical implications
    2009/05 Can we evaluate the boat wiggle in asymmetric sculling? Target power, force and angles for juniors, U23 compare to open category.
    2009/04 Prognostic times for juniors, U23 and open category
    2009/03 Coach and Biomechanics: Jurgen Grobler
    2009/02 Effect of the extra dead weight of the boat on the speed
    2009/01 Analysis of the race start
    2008/12 Discussion with Marinus van Holst about power definitions in rowing.
    2008/11 New section in the Newsletter "Biomechanics and Coach" with a close-up portrait of Paul Thompson.
    2008/10 Power transfer through the stretcher: Rowing vs. Canoeing.
    2008/09 Race analysis on Beijing Olympics 2008
    2008/08 Definition of rowing efficiency.
    2008/07 Pushing the stretcher with toes or heels.
    2008/06 Original research of Myriah Lynn, Biomechanics Specialist from USA on the importance of flexibility in rowing.
    2008/05 Original research of Marinus van Holst on the lift and drag forces on the blade. Comments and further analysis of the force curves on Concept2 ergo monitor;
    2008/04 7 year anniversary of the Newsletter; How accurately can Concept2 monitor represent the real force curve; Marinus van Holst comments on force in a pair.
    2008/03 Dr. Volker Nolte shares his ideas about the handcurve
    2008/02 Parameters of the force curve
    2008/01 Synchronisation of forces in a pair
    2007/12 Blade propulsive efficiency; Hydro-lift and drag forces on the blade.
    2007/11 Using of elastic energy of the oar shaft
    2007/10 Does the boat speed increase when speeding the hands away and body swing? Normative splits on ergo for different rates.
    2007/09 A reasonably long catch angle does NOT itself create static work and energy losses; Application of the Hill principle in rowing.
    2007/08 Dynamics of performance of the best rowing countries over the last 15 years; What sort of force, oar angles and stroke rate should be applied to achieve a target boat speed.
    2007/07 Boat travel during the drive and recovery; Correlation of the performance on ergo and on-water.
    2007/06 Catch and release slips expressed in video frames; Plotting force curve relative time or oar angle.
    2007/05 Questions & Answers on the catch improvement
    2007/04 Vertical oar angle and angular acceleration; Catch and release slips and hints for their improvement.
    2007/03 Effect of the oar angles on gearing; Oar and span/spread dimensions for different categories of rowers
    2007/02 There is no influence of the span/spread on gearing. Feedback from Volker Nolte, Einar Gjessing and our comments
    2007/01 Comments on mechanical modeling in rowing
    2006/12  Analysis of the span/spread based on results of FISA rigging survey
    2006/11  Analysis of the oars/sculls gearing based on results of FISA rigging survey
    2006/10  French version of the Newsletter; Updated spreadsheet for boat speed at different stroke rate; Efficient technique of the finish.
    2006/09 New spreadsheet to training times at different stroke rate; Why it is efficient to push the stretcher at the catch.
    2006/08 Countries' performance on the last World Championship-2006 and New World Best Times; Trends of the boat speed and prognostic Gold Medal Times; Trends of the race strategy
    2006/07 At what point of recovery should the highest seat velocity be achieved to provide the most efficient catch and drive?
    2006/06 Why is a long catch not a waste of energy; Why is a front loaded drive more efficient.
    2006/05 Similarity of the average force with weight training; power curve in different rowing styles 
    2006/04 Five year anniversary of the Newsletter; Igor Grinko comments on classification of rowing styles; Cas Rekers question on drive/recovery ratio; Air drag of the blade during recovery and early squaring.
    2006/03 Classification of rowing styles, Grinko style; Mirror sequence of the segments movements during the drive and recovery.
    2006/02 Trampoline effect
    2006/01 Different types of sport scientist from a coach’s point of view.
    2005/12 Long term trends of performance in endurance sports.
    2005/11 Relative speeds in the various boat types based on hydro-dynamical drag factors
    2005/10 Method of speed/stroke rate/DPS analysis based on effective work per stroke
    2005/09 Dr. Volker Nolte answered the question: What should rowers and coaches do to maintain better boat balance?
    2005/08 Race analysis of the latest World ChampionshipMargins between finalists during the last 13 years.
    2005/07 Dr. Alison McGregor gave us advice on “Biomechanics of back pain and injury prevention in rowing”
    2005/06 Different models of biomechanics utilisation in coaching practice (coaches’ types).
    2005/05 “Prognostic” times in different boat types
    2005/04 Gadgets in rowing: Hydrofoil, L-shaped brackets.
    2005/03 Experimental data on comparison of rowing on-water with Concept-II and RowPerfect ergometers.
    2005/02 Stroke rate and DPS of the medallists of the Olympic Games-2004 in Athens
    2005/01 Comparison of rowing on-water with Concept-II and RowPerfect ergometers.
    2004/12 Timing of the stroke cycle and micro-phases at different patterns of force curve and various stroke rates. Importance of fast force increasing up to 70% of the maximum.
    2004/11 Q&A: Using of the one-leg squat. Is the catch and the beginning of the drive initiated with the hands or the feet? Simultaneous and consecutive styles.
    2004/10 Q&A: Timing of the drive phase: duration of D3 phase (initial boat acceleration) at different stroke rate. Still pictures with corresponding micro-phases.
    2004/09 Rowing power on-water and on ergo: at various stroke rate trends are similar in women, but different in men.
    2004/08 Race strategy and tactics of the medal winners of Athens Olympiad-2004.
    2004/07 Intra-cycle boat speed profiles at various stroke rates. Decreasing of energy losses due to boat speed fluctuations.
    2004/06 Three methods of the rowing power calculation.
    2004/05 Power and speed drills in rowing: changing the gearing ratio, extra load in the boat, oars or rower’s trunk, combination of sculling and sweep rowing in one boat.
    2004/04 Gadgets in rowing: straw on the stern for boat speed, second button, string between seats. General recommendations.
    2004/03 Distance per stroke and force/angle parameters at different stroke rate. Case study: three types of DPS/rate profile.
    2004/02 Case study: biomechanical parameters and rowing efficiency. Importance of the fast force increasing.
    2004/01 Coordination of the handle and foot-stretcher forces and their relationship to temporal structure of the drive. Importance of initial boat acceleration D3 micro phase.
    2003/12 Variation of the boat speed and energy losses during the race and stroke cycle.
    2003/11 Relationship of boat acceleration profile with handle-seat coordination and shape of the force curve.
    2003/10 Comparison of stationary rowing ergo with on-water rowing.
    2003/09 Performance of the best rowing nations in 1993-2003 in different rowers’ categories.
    2003/08 Performance of the best rowing nations in 1993-2003. Vortex blades were found 1.9% more efficient.
    2003/07 Race strategy and tactics. Definitions and patterns in medal winners and different countries.
    2003/06 Handle velocity, maximal seat velocity and boat speed. Device for testing and training maximal legs speed.
    2003/05 Oar and gate angles are different. The reasons are: bend of the oar shaft; backlash of the oar sleeve in the gate.
    2003/04 Stroke length reduction at higher rates is more significant in bigger boats; specifics in sweep and sculling, average and elite rowers.
    2003/03 Rhythm and stroke rate; Drive time and stroke rate; Recovery time and stroke rate.
    2003/02 Stroke rate and distance-per-stroke distribution during the race; Difference and data in medallists and boat types;
    2003/01 Stroke rate of the medallists in boat types over the last Worlds; Prognostic times and stroke rates; Stroke rate in different countries.
    2002/12 Durations of the micro-phases; Best rowers have longer system acceleration micro-phase. How to increase duration of the system acceleration micro-phase.
    2002/11 Micro-phases and border points of the drive phase
    2002/10 Trends of the race strategy over the last 10 years in different placeholders; Prognosis till 2008. Optimal race strategy.
    2002/09 Trends of the boat speed of the Worlds finalists and winners, Prognostic times, Speed increasing in different boat types.
    2002/08 Peak boat acceleration and stroke rate; Boat acceleration and better crews. Immediate feedback on boat acceleration
    2002/07 Peak of the power and stroke rate; Maximal handle velocity and stroke rate; Position of the peak handle velocity. Training in small boats and rowers selection.
    2002/06 Better rowers have a higher and more synchronous accelerations; Force peak, stroke rate and boat types.
    2002/05 Vertical seat force; Lift force and the height of the handle and foot-stretcher. Optimal height of the handle; Push foot-stretcher with toes at catch; Horizontal drive.
    2002/04 Tip: Reference types in Excel. Oar inertia force. Different catch and release angles in stroke and bow seats of a pair
    2002/03 Tip: time format in Excel. Maximal speed of body segments. Arms position at catch in sculling and weight training.
    2002/02 Segments contribution to the stroke length and rowing power. Higher percentage of the trunk power helps to achieve higher boat speed.
    2002/01 Rowing power and stroke rate, Rowing power in sculling and sweep rowing
    2001/12 Maximal force Average force Ratio of the average to maximal forces. Shape of the force curve and segments sequence, Classical and simultaneous styles.
    2001/11 Catch angle, Release angle, Total angle. Markers on the boat to check catch and release angles.
    2001/10 Race strategy on the last Worlds; Race tactics in finalists and countries specifics. Markers on the oar shaft and blade depth.
    2001/09 Boat speed at the World Championship-2001 in different boat types and placeholders. Exercise for back pain prevention.
    2001/08 Percentages of the finalists, medallists and winners from different countries on Worlds and Olympics.
    2001/07 Boat speed in the medallists; shape of force curve and blade propulsive efficiency; drive time, rhythm and boat speed fluctuations. High-speed trunk drills; one-leg squat.
    2001/06 Prognostic stroke rate and distance-per-stroke; vortex blades. Pitch adjustment; light rowing.
    2001/05 Race strategy. Bend of the oar shaft. Aerobic cross-training; power strokes
    2001/04 Distance-Per-Stroke; blade propulsive efficiency; foot-stretcher force. Towing as a high speed drill; step rating test.